:root{--ink: #0e1116;--ink2: #3a3f47;--ink3: #6b7280;--bg: #ffffff;--soft: #f5f6f8;--hair: #e4e7ec;--accent: #0b57d0;--dark: #0e1116;--max: 1180px;--serif: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;--sans: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;--display: "Fraunces", "Georgia", serif}[data-theme=dark]{--ink: #e9ebee;--ink2: #b4bac2;--ink3: #868d97;--bg: #0f1216;--soft: #181c22;--hair: #272c34;--accent: #5b9bff}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;scroll-behavior:smooth}body{margin:0;font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink);background:var(--bg);font-size:17px;line-height:1.6;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none}a:hover{text-decoration:underline}img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block}h1,h2,h3,h4{line-height:1.18;letter-spacing:-.01em;font-weight:800;color:var(--ink);margin:0}.wrap{max-width:var(--max);margin:0 auto;padding:0 22px}.narrow{max-width:700px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 22px}.topbar{background:var(--dark);color:#c9ced6;font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.02em}.topbar .wrap{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;height:34px}.topbar .date{text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.08em;font-weight:600;color:#9aa1ab}.topbar .tline,.topbar a{color:#c9ced6}.site-head{background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid var(--hair);position:sticky;top:0;z-index:50}.site-head .bar{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;height:68px}.brand{display:flex;align-items:center}.brand:hover{text-decoration:none}.nav{display:flex;gap:20px;flex:1;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center}.nav a{color:var(--ink);font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.03em;padding:4px 0;border-bottom:2px solid transparent}.nav a:hover{color:var(--accent);border-color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none}.nav-more{margin-left:auto;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.04em;color:var(--ink2)}.hsearch{color:var(--ink);display:flex;align-items:center}.hsearch:hover{color:var(--accent)}.ic{flex:none}.sec-head a .ic,.pagination a .ic{margin:0 2px}.navtoggle{display:none;background:none;border:0;color:var(--ink);cursor:pointer;padding:4px;align-items:center}.themetoggle{background:none;border:0;color:var(--ink);cursor:pointer;padding:4px;display:flex;align-items:center}.themetoggle:hover{color:var(--accent)}.themetoggle .ic-sun{display:none}[data-theme=dark] .themetoggle .ic-sun{display:flex}[data-theme=dark] .themetoggle .ic-moon,.mobilemenu{display:none}[data-theme=dark] body{background:var(--bg);color:var(--ink)}[data-theme=dark] .site-head{background:#0f1216eb;border-color:var(--hair)}[data-theme=dark] .prose{color:#c6cbd2}[data-theme=dark] .lead-side .lbl,[data-theme=dark] .sec-feat,[data-theme=dark] .sec-list{border-color:var(--ink)}[data-theme=dark] input,[data-theme=dark] .toc{background:var(--soft);color:var(--ink)}.progress{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;height:3px;width:0;background:var(--accent);z-index:100;transition:width .1s linear}.totop{position:fixed;right:22px;bottom:22px;width:46px;height:46px;border-radius:50%;border:0;background:var(--ink);color:var(--bg);cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;transition:opacity .25s;z-index:60;box-shadow:0 4px 16px #0000002e}.totop.show{opacity:1;pointer-events:auto}.subform{display:flex;gap:8px}.subform input{padding:12px 14px;border:0;border-radius:4px;font-size:15px;font-family:inherit;width:240px;max-width:52vw}.subform button{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;background:var(--accent);color:#fff;border:0;border-radius:4px;padding:0 18px;font-weight:800;cursor:pointer;font-size:14px}.subform button:hover{opacity:.92}.rsslink{color:#aab0ba;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px}.rsslink:hover{color:#fff}.eyebrow-row{font-size:13px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.1em;color:var(--ink3);font-weight:800;padding:26px 0 20px}.lead-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.55fr 1fr;gap:40px;align-items:start;padding-bottom:46px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--hair);margin-bottom:40px}.lead-main .thumb{display:block;aspect-ratio:16/9;border-radius:4px;overflow:hidden;background:var(--soft)}.lead-main .thumb img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover}.lead-main h1{font-family:var(--display);font-size:46px;font-weight:900;margin:12px 0 14px;letter-spacing:-.015em;line-height:1.06}.lead-main h1 a{color:var(--ink)}.lead-main h1 a:hover{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none}.lead-main .dek{font-size:18.5px;color:var(--ink2);margin:0 0 16px;line-height:1.55}.lead-side{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.lead-side .lbl{font-size:12px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.1em;font-weight:800;color:var(--ink);padding-bottom:10px;border-bottom:3px solid var(--ink);margin-bottom:4px}.lead-item{display:grid;grid-template-columns:32px 1fr;gap:14px;padding:16px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--hair);align-items:start}.lead-item:hover{text-decoration:none}.lead-item:hover h3{color:var(--accent)}.lead-item .li-num{font-family:var(--display);font-size:22px;font-weight:700;color:var(--hair);line-height:1;margin-top:2px}.lead-item h3{font-family:var(--display);font-size:17.5px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.26;letter-spacing:-.005em}.lead-item .li-meta{font-size:12px;color:var(--ink3);margin-top:6px}.kicker{display:inline-block;font-size:12px;font-weight:800;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--accent)}.kicker:hover{text-decoration:none;opacity:.8}.sec{margin:46px 0 0}.sec-head{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;margin-bottom:22px}.sec-head h2{font-size:15px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.08em;font-weight:800;padding-left:12px;border-left:5px solid var(--accent)}.sec-head a{font-size:13px;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.03em;color:var(--ink2)}.sec-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.5fr 1fr;gap:40px}.sec-feat{display:block;padding-right:8px;border-top:3px solid var(--ink);padding-top:16px}.sec-feat:hover{text-decoration:none}.sec-feat .kicker{margin-bottom:8px;display:inline-block}.sec-feat h3{font-family:var(--display);font-size:27px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.16;letter-spacing:-.01em;margin:0 0 10px;color:var(--ink)}.sec-feat:hover h3{color:var(--accent)}.sec-feat .excerpt{color:var(--ink3);font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.55;margin:0 0 10px}.sec-feat .meta{font-size:13px;color:var(--ink3)}.sec-list{border-top:3px solid var(--ink);padding-top:4px}.sec-li{display:block;padding:14px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--hair)}.sec-li:hover{text-decoration:none}.sec-li h4{font-family:var(--display);font-size:17px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.28;letter-spacing:-.005em;color:var(--ink);margin:0}.sec-li:hover h4{color:var(--accent)}.sec-li .meta{font-size:12px;color:var(--ink3);margin-top:5px}.grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(300px,1fr));gap:4px 40px}.tcard{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:20px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--hair)}.tcard .kicker{margin:0 0 7px}.tcard h3{font-family:var(--display);font-size:21px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.24;letter-spacing:-.005em;margin:0 0 8px}.tcard h3 a{color:var(--ink)}.tcard h3 a:hover{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none}.tcard .excerpt{color:var(--ink3);font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.5;margin:0 0 10px}.tcard .meta{font-size:12.5px;color:var(--ink3);margin-top:auto}.tcard .meta a{color:var(--ink2);font-weight:700}.crumb{font-size:12.5px;color:var(--ink3);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.04em;padding:22px 0 0;font-weight:600}.crumb a{color:var(--ink3)}.article{padding:8px 0 10px}.article .kicker{font-size:13px}.article h1{font-family:var(--display);font-size:48px;font-weight:900;letter-spacing:-.015em;margin:14px 0 18px;line-height:1.05}.article .dek{font-size:21px;color:var(--ink2);line-height:1.5;margin:0 0 20px;font-weight:400}.byline{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;color:var(--ink3);font-size:14px;border-top:1px solid var(--hair);border-bottom:1px solid var(--hair);padding:14px 0;margin-bottom:4px}.byline .av{width:40px;height:40px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent);color:#fff;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-weight:800;font-size:17px}.byline a{color:var(--ink);font-weight:700}.lead-img-full{border-radius:4px;overflow:hidden;margin:26px 0 10px;background:var(--soft)}.prose{font-size:19px;line-height:1.75;color:#26292f}.prose>p:first-of-type:first-letter{font-size:66px;font-weight:900;float:left;line-height:.78;padding:8px 12px 0 0;color:var(--accent);font-family:var(--display)}.prose p{margin:0 0 22px}.prose h2{font-family:var(--display);font-size:30px;font-weight:700;margin:42px 0 14px;letter-spacing:-.01em;line-height:1.2}.prose h3{font-family:var(--display);font-size:23px;font-weight:700;margin:32px 0 10px;letter-spacing:-.005em}.prose ul,.prose ol{margin:0 0 22px;padding-left:24px}.prose li{margin:0 0 9px}.prose a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}.prose img{border-radius:4px;margin:26px 0}.prose figure{margin:26px 0}.prose figcaption{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--ink3);text-align:center;margin-top:8px}.prose blockquote{border-left:4px solid var(--accent);margin:28px 0;padding:6px 0 6px 24px;font-size:24px;line-height:1.4;font-style:italic;color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--display);font-weight:500}.prose strong{color:var(--ink)}.prose h2,.prose h3,.prose p,.prose ul,.prose ol{clear:both}.authorbox{display:flex;gap:16px;border-top:1px solid var(--hair);padding:24px 0;margin:36px 0 0}.authorbox .ab-av{width:60px;height:60px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent);color:#fff;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-weight:800;font-size:24px;flex:none}.authorbox h4{font-size:18px;margin:0 0 2px}.authorbox .ab-role{color:var(--accent);font-size:13px;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.04em;margin-bottom:7px}.authorbox p{margin:0;font-size:15px;color:var(--ink3)}.tags-row{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin:26px 0}.tags-row a{font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;background:var(--soft);border:1px solid var(--hair);color:var(--ink2);padding:5px 13px;border-radius:4px}.tags-row a:hover{border-color:var(--accent);color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none}.toc{border:1px solid var(--hair);border-left:4px solid var(--accent);border-radius:4px;padding:18px 24px;margin:28px 0 32px;background:var(--soft)}.toc-h{font-size:12px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.08em;font-weight:800;color:var(--ink3);margin-bottom:10px}.toc ol{margin:0;padding-left:20px}.toc li{margin:7px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.4}.toc a{color:var(--ink2)}.toc a:hover{color:var(--accent)}.prose h2{scroll-margin-top:92px}.share{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;margin:20px 0 4px}.share-lbl{font-size:12px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.06em;font-weight:800;color:var(--ink3)}.sbtn{width:38px;height:38px;border:1px solid var(--hair);border-radius:50%;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:var(--ink2)}.sbtn:hover{background:var(--ink);color:#fff;border-color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none}.sbtn.bookmark{cursor:pointer;margin-left:auto}.sbtn.bookmark.on{background:var(--accent);color:#fff;border-color:var(--accent)}.sbtn.copylink{cursor:pointer}.sbtn.copylink.on{background:#0a8f5b;color:#fff;border-color:#0a8f5b}.skip-link{position:absolute;left:-9999px;top:0;z-index:200;background:var(--ink);color:var(--bg);padding:10px 16px;border-radius:0 0 6px;font-weight:700}.skip-link:focus{left:0}@media print{.topbar,.site-head,.mobilemenu,.subband,.site-foot,.totop,.progress,.share,.ad-slot,.authorbox,.toc,.sec,.tags-row{display:none!important}body{font-size:12pt;color:#000}.article h1{font-size:22pt}.prose{font-size:12pt;color:#000}a{color:#000;text-decoration:underline}.lead-img-full{max-height:320px;overflow:hidden}}.ad-slot{margin:34px 0;text-align:center}.ad-slot small{display:block;font-size:10px;color:#b9bdc4;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.12em;margin-bottom:6px}.page-hero{padding:34px 0 26px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--hair);margin-bottom:34px}.page-hero h1{font-family:var(--display);font-size:46px;font-weight:900;letter-spacing:-.015em;line-height:1.05}.page-hero p{color:var(--ink3);font-size:18px;margin:10px 0 0;max-width:640px}.pagination{display:flex;gap:10px;justify-content:center;align-items:center;margin:48px 0}.pagination a{padding:10px 18px;border:1px solid var(--hair);border-radius:4px;color:var(--ink);font-size:14px;font-weight:700}.pagination a:hover{background:var(--ink);color:#fff;border-color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none}.subband{background:var(--dark);color:#fff;margin-top:60px;padding:40px 0}.subband .in{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px;flex-wrap:wrap}.subband h3{color:#fff;font-family:var(--display);font-size:27px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.01em}.subband p{color:#aab0ba;margin:6px 0 0;font-size:15px}.subband a.btn{background:#fff;color:var(--dark);font-weight:800;padding:12px 22px;border-radius:4px;font-size:14px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.04em}.subband a.btn:hover{text-decoration:none;opacity:.9}.site-foot{background:var(--dark);color:#9aa1ab;padding:46px 0 30px;font-size:14px}.site-foot .cols{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:46px;justify-content:space-between}.site-foot h4{font-size:12px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.08em;color:#fff;margin:0 0 12px;font-weight:800}.site-foot a{color:#9aa1ab;display:block;padding:4px 0}.site-foot a:hover{color:#fff}.site-foot p{color:#9aa1ab}.foot-bottom{margin-top:34px;padding-top:22px;border-top:1px solid #22262d;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;color:#6b7280}@media(max-width:860px){.lead-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:30px}.sec-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:24px}.sec-feat{border-top:3px solid var(--ink)}.sec-list{border-top:1px solid var(--hair)}.nav,.nav-more{display:none}.navtoggle{display:flex}.brand{margin-right:auto}.mobilemenu{display:block;max-height:0;overflow:hidden;background:var(--bg);border-bottom:1px solid var(--hair);transition:max-height .3s ease;position:sticky;top:68px;z-index:40}.mobilemenu.open{max-height:520px}.mobilemenu a{display:block;padding:14px 22px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--hair);color:var(--ink);font-weight:700;font-size:15px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.03em}.subband .in{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start}.subform input{max-width:none;flex:1}}@media(max-width:720px){body{font-size:16px}.lead-main h1,.article h1{font-size:30px}.article .dek,.prose{font-size:18px}.page-hero h1{font-size:30px}.prose>p:first-of-type:first-letter{font-size:46px}}.faq{margin:40px 0 8px}.faq>h2{font-family:Fraunces,Georgia,serif;font-size:24px;font-weight:600;margin:0 0 14px}.faq-item{border:1px solid var(--hair);border-radius:12px;padding:4px 18px;margin-bottom:10px;background:var(--soft)}.faq-item summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;padding:14px 0;font-weight:600;font-size:17px;color:var(--ink);display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:12px}.faq-item summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.faq-item summary:after{content:"+";font-weight:400;font-size:22px;color:var(--ink2);line-height:1}.faq-item[open] summary:after{content:"−"}.faq-item p{margin:0 0 16px;color:var(--ink2);line-height:1.65}